Academic degree

a certain amount of education, The conferring of a particular title by a college or university may be contingent upon the successful conclusion of a predetermined course of study as well as a predetermined degree of academic achievement. In mediaeval Europe, there were only two sorts of academic degrees that could be earned: a master's degree, which indicated that the holder was a scholar of arts and language, and a doctor's degree, which indicated that the holder was a scholar of philosophy, theology, medicine, or law. Once upon a time, the baccalaureate, which is now more commonly referred to as the bachelor's degree, was only an intermediate step on the path to mastery. In today's France, a student receives the baccalauréat upon successful completion of their secondary schooling, the licence upon successful completion of a three- to four-year programme of university study, the maitrise upon successful completion of advanced examinations, and the doctorat upon successful completion of a number of years of advanced academic study. In addition, a student can earn the doctorat upon successful completion of a number of years of advanced academic study. Other contemporary degrees include the Bachelor of Arts (B.A. or A.B.) or Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree, which is typically awarded after a four-year programme of college study; the Master of Arts (M.A.) or Master of Science (M.S.) degree, which is earned after an additional year or two of study; and the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), which is earned after a number of years of post-baccalaureate study and research. Junior colleges in the United States began awarding the Associate of Arts degree, usually referred to as an A.A., in the middle of the 20th century. The Juris Doctor (also known as a J.D.) and the Medical Doctor (also known as an M.D.) are two of the most popular doctoral degrees obtained by working professionals. It is not necessary for a student to have achieved a certain grade point average in order to get an honorary degree.